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Media & Technology

Description

A summary of the scientific literature on the impact of media and technology, including digital games and artificial intelligence (AI), on child development.

child policy briefs
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Digital Games

How This Impacts Children's Development

Description

Though the use of interactive media has been well-studied among young children and adolescents, very little research has been conducted on the effects of digital media on children ages 6-12 years old. Caregivers and teachers need research-based guidelines to understand how to support learning and cognitive development in middle childhood. 

Read the brief:The Child Development Perspective on Artificial Intelligence: Emerging Policy Considerations for AI’s Impact on Children’s Wellbeing, 2026.

Read the brief: understanding and addressing the effect of digital games on cognitive development in middle childhood. 2019

Talking Points from the SRCD Briefs

  • Two-thirds of interviewed parents played games with their children and found them beneficial.
  • Children ages eight to eighteen played games for an average of one hour and twenty minutes a day.
  • Educationally oriented games may enhance executive functions, mental rotation skills, basic math understanding, and problem-solving abilities.
  • Research suggests generative AI can lower critical thinking, reasoning, and engagement when overused.
  • Companion-style chatbots may encourage emotional reliance and expose youth to unsafe or inappropriate guidance.
  • AI tools, such as tutors, may enhance learning when they complement human interaction. 

Policy Considerations in the Briefs

  • Federal agencies could fund technology, app, and game development aimed at fostering students’ academic skills, together with research on effects on child development.
  • Federal agencies could develop research-based guidance or regulation for app stores on what constitutes an educational app.
  • Policymakers should prioritize integrating AI literacy into early education, ensuring that children, parents, and educators understand how AI works, its limitations, and its effects on trust, relationships, and decision-making.
  • AI systems designed for children should remain task-focused rather than fostering open-ended, human-like relationships, and should redirect youth to trusted adults when social or emotional needs arise.
  • Policymakers should promote safer, privacy-protective AI environments for youth, such as monitored school-based platforms, while also investing in research to better understand AI’s long-term developmental impacts. 

Read the brief:The Child Development Perspective on Artificial Intelligence: Emerging Policy Considerations for AI’s Impact on Children’s Wellbeing, 2026.

Read the brief: understanding and addressing the effect of digital games on cognitive development in middle childhood. 2019